10

“Where-as the Akerlof and Kranton model only sought to explain how psychological and socio-cultural identity considerations also have economic effect, the evolutionary generic model of identity can in turn provide a model for how such psychological and socio-cultural identity evolves as a special case of the generic model.”

“An economic system is said to be made of generic rules carried by agents, thus forming the populations of knowledge that compose an economic order. These rules are the basis of operations such as production and consumption, that occur with respect to resources and other environmental circumstances. The point of the generic-operant distinction is to highlight that economic evolution is a generic, not an operational process. It is change in knowledge, not change in operations or resources, that constitutes economic evolution.”

21f

“As economies grow and become wealthier, they are characterized not just by higher levels of production and consumption, but also by a greater variety of goods and services (Beinhocker 2006). However, a widely overlooked hypothesis is that this greater variety may also then extend to identities. Economic evolution involves the multiplication of identities in the same sense that it involves the multiplication of specializations and knowledge. Furthermore, if the social network markets model of identity matching is correct, we would also then expect that a greater variety of identities would then feedback to drive a greater variety of goods and services as niche identities and niche markets are stabilized and institutionalized. At the meso level, economic evolution drives identity evolution.”

25

“The limits of individual adaptation to change are the limits to macro change.”

27

“The economics of creativity thus underpin the economics of economic evolution as an adaptive function.”

30

“[…] creativity is an information process never continuously optimized but engaged to achieve minimum sufficient criteria as determined by the specific context – a behaviour we might term creativicing.”

33

“The space of creativity is a function of investment in specialization. The implication is that economic growth, which permits greater specialization, is a driver of creativity precisely because of this specialization and the opportunities it affords creativity.”

34

“Operational creativity is always a function of the relative adopted technologies and their differential material costs. But recently these costs have dramatically fallen. This not only affects the space of creativity, but also the space of identity, for just as creativity has become much cheaper, so too has identity.”

“The operational economics of creativity depend upon the opportunity costs of creative action, and the key point is that this changes with economic growth. Two points then follow. First, real economic growth increases the possibilities for specialization, thus changing the opportunity costs of creativity. Second, changes in relative prices also affect the opportunity cost of creativity.”

“Changing technologies and rising wealth thus continually shift the real and nominal opportunity costs of creativity, and thus the space of identity.”

36

“[…] generic models of economic evolution can thus be interpreted and generalised as models of cultural evolution.”

37

“The concept of creative industries is a recent development that seeks to reposition the arts and cultural economy from a subsidy-based, market-failure perspective and to disengage and then re-connect it with an evolutionary innovation-based perspective (Cowen 1998, 2002). That is, the concept of ‘creative industries’ is the endeavour to transition from a closed system operational perspective on the economic value of arts and culture (Garnham 2005), to an open system generic perspective on the value of creativity and its market and industrial dynamics (Hartley 2005, Cunningham 2006, Potts 2008). The generic model of identity and creativity can provide a useful reconception of this new model of arts and culture.”

“The engineering industries create new ideas, but the creative industries create the new ways of adopting and living these ideas. Both are thus necessary for economic evolution.”

38

“The creative economy is, in other words, the evolutionary generic extension of the identity economy.”

“Economic evolution, in turn, proceeds to the extent that creativity is unleased and as new identities are constructed.“