Hodgson, Geoffrey M.
2002
Darwinism in Economics: From Analogy to Ontology

259
Darwinism is “a broad theoretical framework for the analysis of the evolution of all open, complex systems, including socio-economic systems.”

278
“In short, Darwinism provides a compelling ontology, it is a universal metatheory in which specific theories must be nested, and it is a rich but optional source of analogy. If the arguments here concerning ontology and Universal Darwinism are correct, then on some of these questions the social scientist has no option but to be Darwinian. However, Darwinism does not provide complete explanations of socio-economic phenomena. Something more is required. The social cannot be reduced to the biological. Darwinism may be universal but economics should not be abandoned to biology.“